Introduction to Industrial Ethernet
What is data communication
"Data communication deals with the transmission of signals in a reliable and efficient manner."
- Stallings
Ultimately, it's about transmitting data (ie. bits) across a physical transmission medium - such as:
- Electricity (copper wire)
- Light - (free space optics, fibre optics)
- Electromagnetic radiation (WiFi, microwave)
What are computer networks?
"Networking deals with the technology & architecture of the communications networks used to interconnect communication devices."
- Stallings
“… a collection of autonomous computers interconnected by a single techology. The Internet is not a single network but a network of networks.”
- Tanenbaum
Physical device connectivity




OSI Seven Layer Model
- TCP/IP as an example does not accurately map to it
- Allows designers to split functionality
- Often referred to (that is a layer 2 switch, that is a layer 3 switch etc.)
- Most important aspects for us are lowest three layers

OSI Seven Layer Model - Packet example



